The length of time you must own something for it to be considered personal property and not subject to import duty varies by country, but a common rule of thumb is at least 6 to 12 months of prior ownership before import.
Key factors most customs authorities consider:
Ownership duration – Usually at least 6 months prior to import.
Usage – The item must have been used by you (not new or unused).
Intention – It must be for personal use, not for resale.
Residency change – If you're relocating, many countries offer duty-free import for household goods under "personal effects" if owned and used for 6–12 months before moving.
Temporary import – If you're just visiting (not moving), some countries allow temporary import of personal items duty-free, assuming you'll take them back when you leave.
Examples:
U.S.: No duty on personal effects used abroad for 1+ year. For moves, household goods used for 1 year may be duty-free.
UK: To claim Transfer of Residence (ToR) relief, goods must have been owned and used for at least 6 months.
EU countries: Often require 6+ months of ownership and use before import to qualify for relief from duty/VAT.
Canada,
You can bring personal belongings duty- and tax-free if:
You owned and used the goods before arriving.
You have owned, used, and possessed the goods for at least 6 months before your arrival (this is key).
The goods are for personal use only, not resale.
You are settling in Canada as a new resident, former resident returning, or temporary resident (like a student or worker).
Common items that qualify:
Furniture, electronics, clothes
Tools of your trade
Vehicles (with separate requirements – more below)